State: Illinois Part 3: Yes Standing Order: Yes Pharmacy Access Notes: The State Health Officer`s Standing Order allows pharmacists, overdose education and naloxone distribution programs to distribute naloxone to anyone who requests it. Additional resources: dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/opioids/naloxone.html you can find naloxone in pharmacies, needle and syringe programs and other harm reduction groups. All of this is included on the Naloxone Finder map to find the nearest location. You can also call or go to your favorite pharmacy and ask if they carry naloxone or narcan®. If not, ask them to agree to a naloxone protocol. Americans filled more than 190 million prescriptions for opioid painkillers in 2017, according to the CDC. If even a fraction of these patients filled a prescription for naloxone and gave the drug to a particular family member or friend, the number of doses in the hands of average people would skyrocket. “I`m worried about a person who comes in with a broken arm and ends up with a $30 codeine product and a $4,000 (naloxone) auto-injector,” she said. As of July 1, 2017, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have passed naloxone access legislation, although the authority and protections provided by these laws vary across the country. This dataset focuses on state laws that grant licensed health care providers civil, criminal, or occupational disciplinary immunity for prescribing or dispensing naloxone. The dataset also captures state laws that grant civil or criminal immunity to lay workers who administer naloxone, as well as laws that allow third parties to prescribe naloxone to family members or friends of someone who is experiencing or at risk of experiencing a drug overdose. Finally, this dataset also identifies the various mechanisms used by states to allow pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a patient-specific prescription, including standing orders, protocol prescriptions, collaborative agreements, and pharmacist prescribing authority. This dataset was updated with support from the Opioid Research Working Group at the University of Florida College of Pharmacy.

Wearing naloxone is no different from wearing an epinephrine auto-injector (commonly known as an EpiPen) for an allergic person. It simply provides an extra layer of protection for people at higher risk of overdose. The most significant change to improve access has been third-party prescribing, which allows health care professionals to prescribe naloxone not only to their patient, but also to friends, family members or caregivers who are not patients of that provider, but who may be able to help in the event of an overdose. This is planned in 38 states. Status: Delaware Part 3: Yes Standing Order: Yes Pharmacy Access Notice: The Standing Order allows licensed community training programs and pharmacies to train and dispense naloxone to anyone who has completed training without a prescription. Other resources: www.helpisherede.com/Get-Help/Overdose-Response#naloxone-availability There may be concerns about liability when prescribing or dispensing naloxone. As a result, 32 states grant immunity from civil liability (i.e., protection from lawsuits by another person for bodily injury by another person) to prescribers, 30 to donors, and 36 to lay administrators. Some states also provide immunity from criminal liability (i.e., protection from state prosecution) to address concerns about the risks associated with their use. Thirteen states have laws that explicitly state that possession of naloxone without a prescription is not a criminal offense. While people at the scene of an overdose may be reluctant to call 911 for fear of being arrested for illegal drugs, 35 states have Good Samaritan laws that encourage people to seek medical help by protecting them and the overdose from prosecution for minor drug possession. In a probabilistic analysis, naloxone distribution programs have been shown to prevent overdose deaths, increase quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and are highly cost-effective.

It was predicted that naloxone distribution would prevent 6% of overdose deaths, or 1 for every 227 naloxone kits distributed. Cost-effectiveness was measured at $14,000.00 per QALY based on very conservative projections, which is well within the usual favourable cost-benefit range (less than $50,000.00 per QALY).119 Status: Wyoming Part 3: Yes Standing Order: Yes Pharmacy Access Notice: The law allows pharmacists to prescribe naloxone directly to those at risk or are able to help those at risk. Additional resources: health.wyo.gov/publichealth/prevention/substanceabuseandsuicide/opioid-information-wyoming/opioid-overdose-response/ All 50 states and the District of Columbia have passed laws to improve access to naloxone for laymen, and in most states, laypeople can obtain naloxone from a dispensary under a standing order (i.e., without an individual prescription) or its functional equivalent.25 In 2018, the Surgeon General of The United States has called for increased awareness and availability of naloxone.26 In 2019, the FDA issued a statement on its ongoing efforts to increase the availability of all approved forms of naloxone.27 However, an August 2019 CDC report found that in many areas where it is most needed, Too little naloxone is delivered.10 Naloxone quickly reverses an overdose, blocking the action of opioids. It can restore normal breathing in 2 to 3 minutes2 in a person whose breathing has slowed or even stopped following an opioid overdose. More than one dose of naloxone may be needed if stronger opioids like fentanyl are involved.3 Friends, family and other bystanders can save lives with naloxone.